1. komponenta

Lecture type	Total
Lectures	30
Practicum	15
Seminar	15

* Load is given in academic hour (1 academic hour = 45 minutes)

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
1. Understand the molecular basis of life processes in plants under normal and pathophysiological conditions
2. Chemically characterize and identify groups of biologically important molecules and their importance for individual life processes in plants
3. Compare the molecular organization and physiological processes between plants and animals
4. Explain the role of secondary metabolites in plant defense response to biotic and abiotic stress
5. Explain the biosynthetic pathways of the most important groups of secondary metabolites

COURSE DESCRIPTION:
1. Organization of nuclear DNA (nucleus and chromatin organization, DNA replication, organisation of DNA sequences, satellite DNAs, nucleolar genes for rRNA, function of repeated
DNA sequences, genome variation, transposable elements)
2. Structure and expression of nuclear genes (RNA polymerases, transcription and processing of rRNA and tRNA, transcription, processing and translation of mRNA, gene expression and
plant development)
3. The plastosome and chloroplast biogenesis (chloroplast organization and function, chloroplast genetics and the extent of plastid autonomy, tranzit peptides and the
genetic specification of protein transport into chloroplasts)
4. Mitochondrial DNA organization and function (plant mitochondrial DNA, mitochondrial protein synthesis in vitro, gene structure and mRNA processing, plasmid-like DNAs in plant
mitochondria, mitochondrial DNA and cytoplasmic male sterility)
5. Hormones and environmental factors affecting gene expression
6. Plant and bacterial gene expression in nitrogen-fixing legume root nodule
7. Genetic colonization of plants by Agrobacterium

PRACTICUM (condensed schedule):
1. Growing and infection of experimental plants (Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh)
2. Isolation of nucleic acids from plants
3. Reverse transcription (PCR method)
4. Real-time PCR analysis of the expression of genes involved in plant defense responses
6. Interactions of double-stranded RNA molecules, isolated from virus-infected plants, with flavonoids and flavonoid-metal complexes

SEMINARS:
1. Alkaloids
2. Cytoskeleton
3. Programmed cell death in response of plants to stress
4. Programmed cell death and senescence
5. DNA repair
6. From RNA to protein
7. Molecular war between plants and phytopathogens
8. Protein synthesis
9. Regulation of cell division
10. Features and functions of RNA

1. Bob Buchanan, Wilhelm Gruissem, Russell Jones (2002): Biochemistry & Molecular Biology of Plants.
2. Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter (2007): Molecular Biology of the Cell.

Mandatory course - Regular module - Botany